Koryo Saram in Agriculture: 100 Years of Everyday Resistance. Part 2
Abstract and keywords
Abstract:
The second and final part of the article is about the practices of Russian Koreans' routine resistance. The author follows the paradigm proposed by J. Scott while rejecting his idea of the coherence of the state. The work demonstrates how informal economic practices of Koryo Saram (gobonji, bazaar trade, production of "Korean salads") were linked to other forms of everyday resistance. The paradoxical "other form," in Soviet times, was shock labor, which was surprisingly combined with the persistent use of traditional Korean land cultivation practices (bureaucrats used the term "Asian mode of production"). The paper is based on archival data, academic and journalist publications on Koryo Saram, and the author's field data.

Keywords:
Russian Koreans (Koryo Saram), routine/everyday resistance, informal economy (gobonji, bazaars), traditional knowledge (Nongsa chiksǒl, fermentation), "soviet soybean revolution", soybeans
Text
Text (RU) (PDF): Read Download
References

1. Birsko-Bidzhansky District of Far-Eastern Krai. Is.1. Preliminary report of the expedition. USSR. Committee for the Land Arrangement for Jews. M: EMES, 1928. (In Russ.).

2. Wolfson S. Culture of soya // Agriculture of the USSR. Yearbook 1935. M.: Selkhozgiz, 1936. P. 57–64. (In Russ.).

3. Iolson L.M. Soybean. Chemistry, technology and application. M.: 1932. (In Russ.).

4. Ionova Y.V. Ethnography of Korea. Russian Korean studies in the past and present. Moscow: First March, 2011. (In Russ.).

5. Iskhakov F., Kim M. People of happy fate (About the workers of the collective farm "Polar Star"). Tashkent, 1972. (In Russ.).

6. Kamenskikh M. Koreans in the Perm Territory: sketches of history and ethnography. Litres, 2022. 209 p. (In Russ.).

7. Kan G.V. History of Koreans of Kazakhstan. Almaty, 1996. (In Russ.).

8. Karaman V.N. Political repressions against the peasantry in the Far East of the USSR in the 20-30s of the twentieth century. // Central State Museum of the Tomsk Region. Memorial Museum "Investigative Prison of the NKVD". URL: https://nkvd.tomsk.ru/researches/publication/Karaman/. (In Russ.).

9. Kim B.I. Winds of our destinies: Sov. Koreans. History and Modernity. Tashkent: Uzbekiston, 1991. 180 p. (In Russ.).

10. Kim G.N. Selected works on Korean studies. Almaty, 2013. 775 p. (In Russ.).

11. Kim G.N. Socio-cultural development of Koreans in Kazakhstan: Scientific and analytical review. Alma-Ata, 1989. (In Russ.).

12. Lykova E.A., Proskurina L.I. Village of the Far East in the 20-30-ies of the XX century: Collectivisation and its consequences. Vl-k: Dalnauka, 2004. (In Russ.).

13. International Scientific and Practical Conference: Kim Pen Hwa and Koreans of Uzbekistan. Theses of reports. Tashkent, 2005. (In Russ.).

14. Pak B.D. Koreans in Soviet Russia. Irk State Pedagogical Institute, 1995. (In Russ.).

15. Popov V.A. Soybeans and raw material problem of fat industry. Maslozhirsyndikat. M.-L.: Promizdat, 1927. 86 p. (In Russ.).

16. Rubinsky V.A. Report on the 1915 experiments of the Amur agronomic organisation on the culture of oilseed soybean in the conditions of the Amur region. Blagoveshchensk: Tip. Khvorov, 1916. (In Russ.).

17. Smirnov E.T. Priamursky Krai at the Amur-Primorsky exhibition of 1899 in Khabarovsk. Khabarovsk. Khabarovsk, 1899. (In Russ.).

18. Stasyukevich S.M. Some aspects of land use of Koreans in the Soviet Primorye in 1920s. Actual issues of social and humanitarian science. Collective volume. DALGAU. Blag-sk, 2019. P. 46–57. (In Russ.). EDN: https://elibrary.ru/ORFMYP

19. Fitzpatrick S. Stalin's Peasants: Social History of Soviet Russia in the 30s: the Village. ROSSPEN, 1994. 421 p. (In Russ.).

20. Khan V.S. Historiography of Koreans of Central Asia: main directions and stages of development. Tashkent: Baktria press, 2021. (In Russ.).

21. Khan V.S. Koryo Saram: Who are we? Essays on the History of Koreans. Bishkek, 2009. (In Russ.).

22. Khan V.S. About the causes of kobondi // Ariran – 1937. Almanac. Vol. 1. Tashkent: "San'at", 2008. P. 93–100. (In Russ.).

23. Khan V.S. On the specifics of labour activity of Koryo Saram in the USSR: gobonji – image of a market man in a non-market economy// 러시아지역 해외한인연구 3권. 서울. 2019. p. 289–325. (In Russ.).

24. Abrams P. Notes on the Difficulty of Studying the State (1977)// Journal of Historical Sociology. 1988. № 1 (1). P. 58–89. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6443.1988.tb00004.x

25. Blauvelt T.K. Resistance and Accommodation in the Stalinist Periphery: A Peasant Uprising in Abkhazia// Ab Imperio. 2012. № 3. P. 78–108. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/imp.2012.0091

26. Chang J.K. Burnt by the Sun: The Koreans of the Russian Far East. Un-ty of Hawaii Press, 2016. 289 p. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9780824856816; EDN: https://elibrary.ru/KLQBRA

27. Hessler J. A Social History of Soviet Trade: Trade Policy, Retail Practices, and Consumption, 1917-1953. Princeton Un-ty Press, 2004. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400843565

28. Jun S.H. Agriculture and Korean Economic History: Concise Farming Talk (Nongsa chiksǒl). Springer Singapore; Palgrave Macmillan, 2019. 236 p. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9319-9

29. Hho S. Koreans in Soviet Central Asia (Studia Orientalia, 61). Helsinki: Finnish Oriental Society, 1987. 262 p.

30. Kim A., Surzhik M., Mamychev A. Soviet Koreans and Far Eastern NKVD in the 1930s // East Asia. 2021. № 1 (38). P. 93–103. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12140-020-09349-4; EDN: https://elibrary.ru/OUEDSB

31. Kwon D.Y., Chung K.R., Jang D.-J. The history and science of Chongkukjang, a Korean fermented soybean product // Journal of Ethnic Foods. 2019. № 1 (6). P. 1–17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s42779-019-0004-8

32. Nazarova O. Koreans in Turkmenistan: History and Modern Situation// Korean Diaspora – Central Asia, Siberia and Beyond/ Ed. J. Reckel, M. Schatz. Universitätsverlag Göttingen, 2020. P.43–50.

33. Scott J.C. Weapons of the Weak: Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance. New Haven: Yale Un-ty Press, 1987. 392 p.

34. Tauger M. Soviet Peasants and Collectivization, 1930-39: Resistance and Adaptation // The Journal of Peasant Studies. 2004. № 3–4 (31). P. 427–456. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0306615042000262643

35. Viola L. Popular Resistance in the Stalinist 1930s: Soliloquy of a Devil’s Advocate // Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History. 2000. № 1 (1). P. 45–69. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/kri.2008.0105

Login or Create
* Forgot password?